多孔介质突破特性的薄层效应

为深化多孔介质突破行为的机理研究,对引起多孔介质突破特性尺度效应讨论的实验数据,结合实验原理重新作了分析。所谓的多孔介质突破特性的"尺度效应"应是边壁效应的反映。由于堆积状况的随机性,给定颗粒介质的突破压强在一定范围内存在不确定性。实验观察到的突破压强波动范围最高可达±12%。边壁效应的存在和突破压强的不确定性,使得以实验方法量化尺度效应是不可行的。实验分析表明:湿饱和颗粒介质的突破特性只是一种薄层行为,与实验介质厚度无关。     

Wave Damping and Refraction-Diffraction Due to Variable Depth Porous Bottom

The refraction-diffraction of surface waves due to porous variable depth has been the subject of many investigations. In the present study, we extend the boundary-value problem of impermeable varying topography to that of a variable depth porous seabed, which is the situation most likely to be encountered in practical problems of coastal engineering. A wave-induced fluid motion is applied to the porous bottom, while the well-known linear potential theory is applied to the free-water above the bottom. Eigenfunction expansions are employed to derive the matching condition and the so-caUed modified dispersion relation. As a result of the porous bottom, the wavenumber becomes a complex value, of which the real part represents the spatial periodicity while the imaginary part refers to the energy dissipation. The characteristics of water waves over a porous bottom are studied in detail. By neglecting the non-propagating modes which only have a local effect and damp exponentially with distance, we derive a mathematical model to represent the characteristics of both the wave refraction-diffraction and wave-damping. The developed model is applied to the damping problem of waves over submerged porous breakwaters.     

分级多孔纳米炭纤维的结构及电容性能

以酚醛树脂为碳源、PVP为纺丝助剂、纳米MgO颗粒为模板剂,通过静电纺丝法制得酚醛树脂基纳米炭纤维,经过炭化、KOH活化、酸洗后得到分级多孔纳米炭纤维,利用SEM、XRD、XPS、拉曼光谱仪及氮气吸脱附实验,对所制多孔纳米炭纤维的结构和形貌进行表征,并将其作为模拟电容器的电极,利用循环伏安、恒电流充放电及交流阻抗方法测试了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,KOH活化引入了数量可观的微孔,所得纳米炭纤维表现出明显的"微孔-中孔-大孔"分级孔分布的特点,其比表面积达到1058.4m~2/g,总孔容为1.64cm~3/g。电化学测试结果表明,所制分级多孔纳米炭纤维在6mol/L KOH电解液中显示出优异的电容性能,在0.2A/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量达到198F/g,在20A/g电流密度下,电容保持率达到65%。     

考虑低渗点启动压力梯度的中东孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏波及系数修正方法

 根据中东地区孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏渗透率分布范围大、低渗与中高渗渗流规律并存的特征,针对低渗点存在启动压力梯度而难以动用的问题,采用数值模拟方法分析低渗点启动压力梯度对油藏波及系数的影响规律,通过耦合低渗点启动压力与井间驱替压力分布,提出考虑低渗点启动压力梯度的孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏波及系数修正方法。以中东地区M油藏为例进行应用分析,计算得到的渗透率为5×10^-3~35×10^-3 μm²、变异系数为0.6~0.8时,波及修正系数分布范围为0.75~0.99,证明了该孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏波及系数修正方法的可靠性和实用性。     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

一类多孔介质型扩散互惠模型的共存态和渐近性

研究了一类具有多孔介质型扩散的3种群互惠模型Dirichlet边值问题.在适当的条件下,证明了该时变问题存在唯一有界整体解,且除了平凡解和半平凡解之外,相应的平衡态问题还存在正的最大解和最小解.此外,该时变解在一些初值函数下收敛到最大平衡解,而在另一些初值函数下收敛到最小平衡解.这种收敛性对反应函数的任意系数都成立.该结果意味着带多孔介质型扩散的互惠模型的动力学性态不同于带常数扩散项的.     

电化学合成重铬酸钾阳极的制备和电催化性能

针对电化学合成重铬酸钾绿色新技术,采用涂层自组装方法制备了钛基铱氧化物中间层钌铱钛氧化物复合电极(Ti/IrO_2/RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2).利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了电极的微观结构和表面形貌,并采用循环伏安法研究了电极的电催化性能.结果表明,电极表面RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2柱状结晶规则均匀,并有明显空隙.电极在阳极液中析氧过电位较低,并具有稳定的较高的电催化活性.     

Tussah Silk Fibroin Porous Scaffolds Prepared with a Mild Self-assembly Process for Controlled Drug Release

Besides excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility,a useful tissue engineering scaffold should provide favorable surface properties,outstanding mechanical strength and controlled drug release property. In this paper,a mild process to prepare porous tussah silk fibroin（ TSF） scaffolds from aqueous solution was described. The n-butanol was used to control the self-assembly of tussah silk. The scaffolds with different TSF concentrations and the same volume showed differences in pore size and distribution. The maximum porosity of the poprepared porous scaffolds was 80% in this paper. And the pore size of the prepared porous scaffolds with different concentrations was between 10μm and 230 μm. X-ray diffraction（ XRD） analysis revealed that amorphous TSF was crystallized to β-sheet secondary structure upon gelatin. The TSF scaffolds for controlled drug release was studied and the result showed that the time of drug release was significantly longer. The produced TSF scaffolds with sustained drug release have potential application in tissue engineering.     

Electrorheological effect of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with different TiC contents at 1500℃

The electrorheological properties of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2–TiC slags were investigated to enhance understanding of the effect of TiC addition on the viscosity, yield stress, and fluid pattern of Ti-bearing slags in a direct-current electric field. The viscosities and shear stresses of 4wt% and 8wt% TiC slags were found to increase substantially with increasing electric field intensity, whereas virtually no rheological changes were observed in the 0wt% TiC slag. The Herschel–Bulkley model was applied to demonstrate that the fluid pattern of the 4wt% TiC slag was converted from that of a Newtonian fluid to that of a Bingham fluid in response to the applied electric field; and the static yield stress increased linearly with the square of the electric field intensity.     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100 ℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能，同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察，探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明：国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近，水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命；疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面，多为多源萌生，裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主；断口处有少量二次裂纹，未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征，静断区断口形貌为韧窝；从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中，未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物；钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。